An effected child usually dies within several years. Niemann-Pick disease is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme that breaks down excessive sphingomyelin, which then builds up on the liver, spleen, brain, and bone marrow. They make up about 25 % of the lipids in the myelin sheath that surrounds and insulates cells of the central nervous system. connected to a 3 carbon glycerol backbone, as shown on the right. Sphingomyleins are located throughout the body in nerve cell membranes. A fat is defined as a glycerol molecule attached to This is the result of different. Multiple sclerosis caused by a gradual degradation of the myelin sheath. These solubility properties arise since lipids are mostly hydrophobic. The white region is made of nerve axons wrapped in a white lipid coating, the myelin sheath, which provides insulation to allow rapid conduction of electrical signals. Introduction to Lipids (Thanks to Rebecca Roston for providing a cohesive organizational framework and image templates) Lipids are organic molecule molecules that are soluble in organic solvents, such as chloroform/methanol, but sparingly soluble in aqueous solutions. The human brain and spinal cord is made up of gray and white regions. The essential feature of a glycolipid is the presence of a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide bound to a lipid moiety.The most common lipids in cellular membranes are glycerolipids and sphingolipids, which have glycerol or a sphingosine backbones, respectively. Phosphate is attached through a phosphate ester bond, and again through a phosphate ester bond to choline. A fatty acid is attached to the amine through amide bond. In sphingomyelin, the base sphingosine has several other groups attached as shown in the graphic on the left. Any fat related substance that contains phosphorus, fatty acids, and a nitrogen-containing base. A three-carbon alcohol used to form triglycerides. Major form of lipid in the body and in food. Sphingosine has three parts, a three carbon chain with two alcohols and amine attached and a long hydrocarbon chain. Composed of three fatty acids bonded to glycerol.
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